Democracy: Stranger, Newer & Less Certain Than You Think

What We Think We Know About Democracy

We like to think of democracy as something solid and ancient. But look a little closer, and it’s full of surprises. These three quick facts reveal just how recent, uneven, and dynamic democratic life really is.

1. Did Ancient Athens Really Invent Democracy for Everyone?

Not quite. While Athens is often celebrated as the birthplace of democracy, only about 10 to 20 percent of the population could actually vote. You had to be an adult male citizen—which excluded women, slaves, foreigners, and even some free men. Out of an estimated 300,000 residents, just 30,000 to 60,000 were eligible to vote—and even fewer showed up to do it.

2. Most Democracies Are Younger Than You Think

While the U.S. has the longest-running democratic system (since 1789), the average age of democracies worldwide is just 39 years. Many are younger, having emerged after colonialism, coups, or authoritarian regimes. Even in older democracies, inclusive voting rights only became reality in the 20th century.

3. The U.S. Constitution Doesn’t Actually Guarantee Voting

It’s true: there’s no universal right to vote in the U.S. Constitution. Instead, it prohibits discrimination based on race, sex, or age—but states ultimately control access. That’s why voting laws can vary dramatically from place to place.

4. The Scale of American Protest Might Surprise You

Public gatherings have long been a tool for shaping history—from the 1963 March on Washington to today’s national movements. Demonstrations remain one of the most powerful ways citizens make their voices heard.

Chart below is based on crowd-sized estimates in millions.

Another national gathering is set for April 19, as participants mobilize around themes of liberty and democratic accountability. Its impact remains to be seen.

Take a closer look at how different democracies have risen and fallen through history - here.

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